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Bupivacaine and botulinum toxin to treat comitant strabismus
Hopker, Luisa Moreira;Zaupa, Priscila Fernandes;Lima Filho, Acácio Alves de Souza;Cronemberger, Monica Fialho;Tabuse, Marcia Keiko Uyeno;Nakanami, Célia Regina;Allemann, Norma;Mendon？a, Tomás Scalamandré;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2012, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492012000200008
Abstract: purpose: to evaluate the change in ocular motility and muscle thickness measured with ultrasonography after intramuscular injection of bupivacaine and botulinum toxin a. methods: eight patients (five female) were enrolled to measure ocular motility prior and 1, 7, 30 and 180 days after one injection of 2 ml of 1.5% bupivacaine and 2.5 u of botulinum toxin a in agonist and antagonist muscles, respectively, of eight amblyopic eyes. muscle thickness was measured prior and on days 1, 7 and 30 after injection using 10-mhz ultrasonography (eyelid technique). results: mean change in alignment was 10 prism diopters after 180 days (n=6). an average increase of 1.01 mm in muscle thickness was observed after 30 days of bupivacaine injection and 0.28 mm increase was observed after botulinum toxin a injection, as measured by ultrasonography. lateral rectus muscles injected with bupivacaine had a mean increase of 1.5 mm in muscle thickness. conclusion: in this study, a change in ocular motility was observed after 180 days of intramuscular injection of bupivacaine and botulinum toxin in horizontal extraocular muscles. overall, there was an increase of muscle thickness in both botulinum toxinum a and bupivacaine injected muscles after 30 days of injection when measured by ultrasonography. this change was more pronounced on lateral rectus muscles after bupivacaine injection.
A evolu o do mercado farmacêutico brasileiro no tratamento do glaucoma nos últimos 30 anos
Souza Filho Jo？o Pessoa de,Dias Ana Beatriz Toledo,Lima Filho Acácio Alves de Souza,Sartori Marta Filippi
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2003,
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analisar as varia es de custo das drogas para tratamento do glaucoma no mercado farmacêutico, nos últimos 30 anos, em intervalos de 10 anos. MéTODOS: A partir dos Dicionários de Especialidades Farmacêuticas, dos anos de 1972, 1982, 1992 e 2002 nos quais foram anotadas as drogas utilizadas no tratamento do glaucoma, suas apresenta es e laboratórios. Foram analisados os valores dos medicamentos no mercado brasileiro, nos diferentes anos, por meio do Guia Farmacêutico Brasíndice. Para análise dos dados, os pre os foram convertidos para o dólar americano na época e estudada a rela o percentual entre o pre o dos medicamentos e o salário mínimo vigente na época, considerando-se como unidade de referência do produto os valores por mililitro, comprimido ou grama, dependendo da apresenta o do fármaco. RESULTADOS: O número de laboratórios e medica es antiglaucomatosas variaram nestes últimos trinta anos. Drogas como a pilocarpina e acetazolamida continuam sendo utilizadas. Há predominancia do uso de mióticos nos primeiros anos do estudo, e de beta-bloqueadores nos últimos anos. O custo médio das medica es disponíveis no mercado aumentou principalmente na última década. CONCLUS O: O pre o dos medicamentos antiglaucomatosos variou de forma considerável no período estudado, bem como o tipo de medica o usada no tratamento.
Effect of electroacupuncture to prevent selenite-induced cataract in Wistar rats
Cariello, Angelino Julio;Casanova, Fábio Henrique;Lima Filho, Acácio Alves de Souza;Juliano, Yara;Tabosa, Angela;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2006, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492006000300003
Abstract: purpose: to investigate whether electroacupuncture can prevent selenite-induced cataract in an experimental model. methods: fifty wistar rat pups were randomized into 5 groups of 10 animals: group 1 (control), no procedure was performed; group 2 (selenite), sodium selenite (30 micromoles/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously between postpartum days 10 to 12; group 3 (anesthesia) received the same dose of selenite and underwent ether inhalation anesthesia during 10 minutes daily for one week; group 4 (electroacupuncture) underwent the same procedure of group 3, but also receiving electroacupuncture (2 hz, 50 ma) applied to the neiguan (pc6) and guangming (gb37) acupoints during the anesthesia period; and group 5 (sham) underwent the same procedures of group 4, but needles were applied to non-acupoints. the development of cataract was assessed one week later, and its density was graded by slit lamp biomicroscopy. results: all control rats lenses (group 1) were clear. groups 2, 3 and 5 rats developed more severe cataract or complete opacification. in group 4 (electroacupuncture), 45% of eyes did not develop cataract while thirty per cent developed less severe cataract than groups 2, 3 and 5. the between-group difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). lens opacification grade in groups 1 and 4 was lower than in the groups 2, 3 and 5 (p<0.001). conclusion: electroacupuncture effectively decreased selenite-induced cataract formation rate in pup rats when needles were applied at specific acupoints.
A evolu？？o do mercado farmacêutico brasileiro no tratamento do glaucoma nos últimos 30 anos
Souza Filho, Jo？o Pessoa de;Dias, Ana Beatriz Toledo;Lima Filho, Acácio Alves de Souza;Sartori, Marta Filippi;Martins, Maria Cristina;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2003, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492003000700014
Abstract: purpose: to analyze price variations of drugs used to control glaucoma, during the last 30 years, at 10-year intervals. methods: drugs to treat glaucoma, as well as their presentations and laboratories were selected from the 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002 editions of the dictionary of pharmaceutical specialties. the price of medicines in the brazilian market were analyzed, in the different decades, using the pharmaceutical guide "brasíndice". for analysis of the data, the prices were converted to american dollars and the relationship between the medicine and the minimum wage was analyzed. as unit of the product, the values per milliliter, oral tablet or gram, depending on the presentation, were considered. results: the number of laboratories and antiglaucoma medications varied in the last thirty years. drugs such as acetazolamide and pilocarpine still continue to be used. parasympathomimetic drugs have predominantly been used in the first years of the study, and the beta-blockers in the last years. the average cost of available medications in the market has increased in the last decade. conclusion: the price of antiglaucoma drugs varied considerably in the studied period as well as the type of drug used in the treatment.
Avalia？？o de um cianoacrilato quanto à esterilidade e atividade biocida
Ueda, Emerson Lioji;Hofling-Lima, Ana Luísa;Sousa, Luciene Barbosa de;Tongu, Maira Sacata;Yu, Maria Cecilia Zorat;Lima, Acácio Alves de Souza;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2004, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492004000300004
Abstract: purpose: to evaluate the sterility of the super bonder？ cyanoacrylate and its biocide activity on microorganisms. methods: for verification of contamination, twenty samples of super bonder？ cyanoacrylate were applied to brain heart infusion (bhi) media and incubated at 37° c. after 7 days of incubation, they were plated on blood, chocolate and sabouraud agar. for the determination of the biocide effect, staphylococcus xylosis, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of the american type culture collection (atcc) were used in three different models, modifying the way super bonder？ cyanoacrylate application (in microholes, pipes and on the agar). results: no positive growth was observed on the plated samples of cyanoacrylate in brain heart infusion. in the plates with microholes, growth of p. aeruginosa and inhibition of s. xylosis and s. aureus were observed. after removal of the adhesive, bacterial growth in all microholes was observed. in the plates with s. xylosis and s. aureus the presence of an apparent inhibition halo, that did not occur with p. aeruginosa was observed. conclusion: the performed tests of sterility demonstrated that super bonder？ cyanoacrylate is a safe alternative, regarding sterility, for treatment of small corneal perforations. no bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects were demonstrated with the tested cyanoacrylate, regarding s. aureus, s. xylosis and p. aeruginosa.
Novel use of trypan blue in ocular surface staining: redefining implications for this vital dye
Ambrósio Jr., Renato;Ahmad, Habeeb;Caldas, Diogo;Canedo, Ana Laura Caiado;Valbon, Bruno;Guerra, Frederico Procopio;Lima, Acácio Alves de Souza;
Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S0034-72802011000600014
Abstract: different applications of trypan blue (tb) for intraocular surgery have been reported, with very high levels of safety and efficacy. we describe the use of tb as an alternative vital dye for staining the ocular surface to assess the integrity of superficial cell layers of the cornea and the surface environment. this facilitates the diagnosis of various ocular surface disorders, including screening for dry eye disease (ded) among refractive and cataract patients. tb staining properties are different from fluorescein and both are stable in a solution, so that a double staining technique is introduced.
Análise ultraestrutural e de fatores de crescimento de diferentes métodos de preserva？？o da membrana amniótica utilizada em cirurgia ocular
Pena, Janethe Deolinda de Oliveira;Melo, Gustavo Barreto de;Gomes, José álvaro Pereira;Haapalainen, Edna Freymuller;Komagome, Ciro Massayuki;Santos, Namir Clementino;Lima Filho, Acácio Alves de Souza;Rizzo, Luiz Vicente;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2007, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492007000500006
Abstract: purpose: to compare the anatomical structure and the presence of growth factors and cytokines of amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/mem (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide through electron microscopy. methods: amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/mem (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide were processed for transmission and scaning electron microscopy. as control, freshly collected amniotic membrane was fixed and processed for electron microscopy. the cytokines and growth factors assessed were: tgf-b (transforming growth factor b); tgf-b activ (activated transforming growth factor b); egf (epidermal growth factor); fgf-4 (fibroblast growth factor 4); bfgf (basic fibroblast growth factor); il-4 (interleukin 4); pge2 (prostaglandin e2); il-10 (interleukin 10); kgf (keratinocyte growth factor); hgf (hepatocyte growth factor). results: amniotic membrane from the control group showed intact epithelium, with surface microvilli and junctional complexes between the cells and the basal membrane. glycerol/mem preserved amniotic membrane had similar aspect to the control, with higher epithelial cells. those amniotic membranes preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide disclosed less intercellular junction and detachment of the epithelium from the basal membrane. the cytokines and growth factors did not disclose significant differences, except for fgf-4, bfgf, pge2 and kgf. conclusions: amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/mem showed a better tissue structure, with less detachment of the epithelium from the basal membrane, in comparison to undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide. the majority of the growth factors and cytokines were kept with both techniques of preservation.
Freeze-drying as an alternative method of human sclera preservation
Frota, Ana Carolina de Arantes;Lima Filho, Acácio Alves de Souza;Dias, Ana Beatriz Toledo;Louren？o, Andréia Cristina dos Santos;Antecka, Emilia;Burnier Jr., Miguel N.;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2008, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492008000200002
Abstract: purpose: to compare the effect of preserving sclera samples in either 95% ethanol or freeze-dried. methods: ninety-six samples of human sclera were studied. half of them were freeze-dried and half preserved in 95% ethanol. preservation periods of 18, 45, 90 or 174 days were studied. automated immunostaining was carried out in the ventana benchmarkr lt platform using collagen 1 and fibronectin antibodies. histological staining was also performed with hematoxilin-eosin and masson trichrome. samples were classified according to the degree of collagen fiber parallelism (0-2), intensity of masson staining (0-2), and the expression of both antibodies (0-3). friedman and wilcoxon tests were applied to compare preservation methods and p-values below 0.05 were considered to ensure statistical significance. results: relevant results were found in three situations: (i) friedman's test showed better collagen fiber integrity in the freeze-dried group rehydrated after 174-days as compared to the 90-day group; (ii) wilcoxon's test showed better collagen fiber integrity in the freeze-dried group after 18 and 174 days as compared to the ethanol group; (iii) the freeze-dried group disclosed higher immunohistochemical expression for col-1 antibody in the sclera samples rehydrated after 45, 90 and 174 days as compared to the ones rehydrated after 18 days. conclusion: histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed freeze-drying to be a superior method for sclera preservation as compared to 95% ethanol. this technique provides an easy method to manipulate tissue, with longer shelf life, and storage at room temperature.
5-desoxiflavonóides e lignana isolados da madeira de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake (guapuruvu)
Carvalho, Mário Geraldo de;Nascimento, Ildomar Alves do;Carvalho, Acácio Geraldo de;
Química Nova , 2008, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-40422008000600014
Abstract: four flavonoids, 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (garbanzol), 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, 7,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone (geraldone) and 3,4,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavane (rel-2r,3s,4s-leucoguibourtinidine, guibourtacacidine) were isolated from the wood of schizolobium parahyba (leg., caesalpinoideae) together with lignan balonofonine, sitosterol, and stigmasterol. the structures were established by ir, nmr and mass spectral data analysis and comparison with literature values.
Resposta de Euphalerus clitoriae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) a armadilhas adesivas de diferentes cores
Guajará, Mariangela;Carvalho, Acácio Geraldo de;Santos, Wyratan;Gon？alves, Karin;
Revista árvore , 2004, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-67622004000100015
Abstract: aluminum rectangles measuring 10 x 24.5 cm and painted white, red, blue and yellow were covered with colorless and scentless glue and disposed in the field among trees of clitoriafairchildiana, for verification of response of e. clitoriae adults to the different colors. transparent rectangles of the same dimensions were also used as controls. the number of adults attracted and captured by the yellow traps was significantly greater than that attracted by the other colors, suggesting a color-oriented response. thus, the yellow adhesive traps are recommended for monitoring of e. clitoriae adults.
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